Comparison of solar technologies

Solar Technology Comparator

PERC, TOPCon, HJT • Inverters • Batteries — 2025-2026 Data

📊 Dataset v2026-03

Interactive comparisons and real-time calculations based on 2025-2026 public data

Photovoltaic Cell Comparator

PERC vs TOPCon vs HJT

900 1900
3 100
Criteria PERC TOPCon HJT
Cell Efficiency 22-23% 24-25.5% 25-26.5%
Module Cost (€/Wp) 0.08-0.10 0.09-0.11 0.12-0.15
Market Share 2025 ~35% (declining) ~49% ~10%
Temp. Coeff. -0.35%/°C -0.30%/°C -0.25%/°C
Degradation/Year 0.55% 0.40% 0.35%
Bifaciality Limited Good (10-20%) Excellent (15-25%)
LID/LeTID Susceptible Low Very Low
Warranty Period 25 years 30 years 30 years
Best Use Case Tight budget
Standard residential
Best value
for money
Hot roofs
Premium
Annual Production PERC
kWh/year (estimate)
TOPCon Gain vs PERC
kWh/year (+%)
HJT Gain vs PERC
kWh/year (+%)
💡

Personalized Recommendation

Adjust the parameters to see the recommendation.

Inverter Comparator

String vs Microinverters vs Hybrid

Criteria String Microinverter Hybrid
Cost (€/kW) 35-44 150-300 €/unit 86-97
Efficiency 97-98% 95-97% 96-97.5%
Monitoring Central Per panel Central + battery
Partial Shading Susceptible Tolerant Susceptible
Expansion Difficult Easy Easy
Lifespan 10-15 years 20-25 years 10-15 years
Best Use Case No shading
Large roof
Shading
Complex roof
With battery
Storage

ℹ️ Practical Tips

  • String: Optimal for small roofs without shading, limited budget
  • Microinverters: Ideal for complex roofs, partial shading, or future expansions
  • Hybrid: Essential for systems with battery storage (self-consumption)

Residential Battery Comparator

LFP Technologies 2025-2026

Model Capacity Installed Cost Chemistry Cycles Warranty
Tesla Powerwall 3 13.5 kWh ~1200 €/kWh LFP 10000+ 10 years
BYD HVS/HVM 5-22 kWh ~700 €/kWh LFP 8000 10 years
Huawei LUNA 5-30 kWh ~750 €/kWh LFP 6000 10 years
Enphase IQ 5P 5-60 kWh ~900 €/kWh LFP 7000 15 years

Battery ROI Calculator

5 30
600 1200
500 3000
0.15 0.40
Total Battery Cost
euros inc. (estimate)
Annual Savings
euros/year
Battery Payback
years

Data Sources

Reference Data

  • 🔬 Fraunhofer ISE 2025 — PV cell and module efficiencies
  • 📊 IRENA — Global solar costs and markets
  • 💹 BNEF — Component prices and forecasts
  • PV Tech — Photovoltaic technology benchmarks
  • 🌍 Clean Energy Reviews — Independent analysis
  • 🇪🇺 European Solar Trade Body — European market data

Methodology

  • ✓ Data updated regularly (v2026-03)
  • ✓ Calculations based on standard European conditions
  • ✓ Production formulas: G × P × Eff × (1 - Degr)
  • ✓ Assumptions visible in hypotheses.html
  • ✓ All calculations real-time (no approximation)
  • ✓ Comparisons based on verifiable public data

⚠️ Disclaimer

These comparisons are indicative. Actual costs vary by region, supplier, installation, and site conditions. For personalized analysis, consult a certified installer.